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古代水文観測遺跡　「白鶴梁枯水題刻遺跡」
「万里の長城」建設以来の大工事と言われる三峡ダム、工事はほぼ予定通り進み、段階的に貯水が始まっている。中国最大の大河「長江」は水の文明を育み長江文明として世界の注目を浴びてきた。長江がせき止められると６３２K㎡の陸地が水没する。それにより８２８カ所の貴重な文化財が水没することが確認された。三峡地区には春秋時代に巴国と楚国文化が出会った重要な土地である。人類の貴重な文化財を救う手段として政府は、科学的方法による調査研究に重点を置いた。1994年3月国家文物局の許可を得て、当社は国家地震局、四川大学などと合作総数２０名余の探査隊が組織された。3月12日隊員は上海と北京から重慶に集合し、四川省隊員と合流、翌日客船でフウ陵市へ旅だった。私の最初の海外探査探検である。ここでフウ陵市の「白鶴梁枯水題刻」遺跡を紹介しよう。
「水没地には百以上の水位観測所があり、長江上流の水位を千年以上にわたって記録している。中でも「世界第一の古代水位観測所」という題字を刻んだフウ陵の白鶴梁は、長さ1600m幅約15mの天然の石梁で、渇水期にだけ水面上に現れる。現れる度に記録を刻む。唐の広徳元年（763年）から今世紀初めまで、約1200年間の72年分の渇水の状況を記し、18匹の魚の石刻、さらに宋代の黄庭堅い、明代の王世貞といった歴代の名人の筆になる碑文を刻んでいて「水下の碑林」と言われている」（唐登清の対談から）魚の石刻が水面に露出することは百年間で数回しかない。幸運にも探査探検の最初に見学できた。その時「水中博物館」構想を聞いたが現在どこまで進んでいるのか興味深い。
写真は、長江中央に現れた白鶴梁と魚の石刻と私。隣の警官が最後まで私のそばを離れず協力してくれた。